Harm reduction is a public health philosophy that seeks to lessen the dangers that drug abuse and our drug policies cause to society.
A harm reduction strategy is a comprehensive approach to drug abuse and drug policy. Harm reduction’s complexity lends to its misperception as a drug legalization tool.
In 1997 the New Mexico state legislature passed the Harm Reduction Act, which provides for a statewide needle exchange program. Needle exchange is a small but highly recognized part of a harm reduction strategy.
• Harm reduction rests on several basic assumptions. A basic tenet of harm reduction is that there has never been, is not now, and never will be a drug-free society .
• A harm reduction strategy seeks pragmatic solutions to the harms that drugs and drug policies cause. It has been said that harm reduction is not what’s nice, it’s what works .
• A harm reduction approach acknowledges that there is no ultimate solution to the problem of drugs in a free society, and that many different interventions may work. Those interventions should be based on science, public health, common sense and human rights .
• A harm reduction strategy demands new outcome measurements. Whereas the success of current drug policies is primarily measured by the change in use rates, the success of a harm reduction strategy is measured by the change in rates of death, disease, crime and suffering.
• Because incarceration does little to reduce the harms that ever-present drugs cause to our society, a harm reduction approach favors treatment of drug addiction by health care professionals over incarceration in the penal system .
• Because some drugs, such as marijuana, have proven medicinal uses, a harm reduction strategy not only seeks to reduce the harm that drugs cause, but also to maximize their potential benefits.
• A harm reduction strategy recognizes that some drugs, such as marijuana, are less harmful than others, such as cocaine and alcohol. Harm reduction mandates that the emphasis on intervention should be based on the relative harmfulness of the drug to society.
• A harm reduction approach advocates lessening the harms of drugs through education, prevention, and treatment.
• Harm reduction seeks to reduce the harms of drug policies dependent on an over-emphasis on interdiction , such as arrest, incarceration, establishment of a felony record, lack of treatment, lack of adequate information about drugs, the expansion of military source control intervention efforts in other countries, and intrusion on personal freedoms.
• Harm reduction also seeks to reduce the harms caused by an over-emphasis on prohibition , such as increased purity, black market adulterants, black market sale to minors, and black market crime.
• A harm reduction strategy seeks to protect youth from the dangers of drugs by offering factual, science-based drug education and eliminating youth’s black market exposure to drugs .
• Finally, harm reduction seeks to restore basic human dignity to dealing with the disease of addiction.
Compiled by Drug Policy Alliance. March 2001.